Monkeys are famous for eating bananas, but their diet varies considerably across species, depending on where they live and which foods are available. (Image credit: Mark Fox/Getty Images) What do monkeys eat? Related: The world's newest monkey species was found in a lab, not on an expeditionĪ Japanese macaque bathing in a hot spring in winter. Because of their flexible diet and ability to live in a range of habitats - from tropical forests to cold, mountainous regions - they have the potential to become invasive on every continent except Antarctica. Rhesus macaques are now invasive in Florida, South Carolina and Puerto Rico. Rhesus macaques ( Macaca mulatta) are highly adaptable, and their native range - which stretches throughout Asia and includes countries such as India - is thought to be the largest of any nonhuman primate, according to the CABI Invasive Species Compendium, an online encyclopedic resource on invasive species. Scientists do not fully understand the impact of this "alien" population on native wildlife, but other monkey populations have become invasive species, meaning they cause environmental or economic harm. The zoo likely imported the monkeys from Sierra Leone, in West Africa, and they've adapted to life in the Floridian mangrove forest, Live Science previously reported. A group of green monkeys ( Chlorocebus sabaeus) lives near the Fort Lauderdale airport because their ancestors escaped from a nearby private zoo in 1948. For example, there are monkeys in Florida even though the U.S. Humans have introduced monkeys to areas outside of their native range. Some Japanese macaques bathe in human-made hot springs in the winter to keep warm, Live Science previously reported. For example, Japanese macaques ( Macaca fuscata), or snow monkeys, have thick fur to survive the most northern parts of their range in Japan, which can be covered in snow for up to a third of the year, according to the Wisconsin National Primate Research Center. Some species have adapted to living in harsh environments, such as desert-like savannas or snowy mountains. They often make their homes in trees in warm and wet tropical rainforests, including the Amazon rainforest in South America and the Congo Basin in Central Africa. Monkeys live on all continents except Australia and Antarctica. (Image credit: Michel VIARD via Getty Images) Where do monkeys live? The objective of this paper is to familiarize pathologists with the use of primates in research as well as lesions and nonlesions (normal anatomy or physiology) of primates that may influence study design and confound interpretation.A pygmy marmoset in a tree in Venezuela. Other histologic changes and normal anatomic variations may be confusing to individuals not routinely examining primate tissues. The second important lesson in this "primer" is: "not test article related" does not always mean "normal." Lymphoid nodules in bone marrow or salivary gland, a common background finding in macaques, often signal the presence of type D retrovirus. For example type D retrovirus infection is accompanied by lymphomas in cynos, but not rhesus. There are also variations in disease manifestations, even among closely related primate species such as rhesus and cynomolgus macaques (cynos). Differences in ovarian histology between Old and New World monkeys probably relate to steroid receptor biology as well. Differences between taxa are exemplified by the glucocorticoid resistance of New World monkeys compared to Old World monkeys, which results in the requirement for Vitamin D3 and their high circulating levels of steroids such as cortisone and progesterone. Several taxonomic groups of primates are used in research including: prosimians, such as galagos and lemurs New World monkeys, particularily marmosets Old World monkeys, especially macaques and baboons and the chimpanzee, an African ape. Brand names (ie, species and subspecies) are important. The first very important lesson in the "primer" is: there is no such thing as a generic monkey. To effectively use primates as models, their gross and histologic anatomy, physiology and natural history, as well as common health problems and the source from which the primate is obtained, must be known and understood by pathologists involved in study design and/or interpretation. Nonhuman primates are important laboratory animals for biomedical, pharmacology, and toxicology research.
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