![]() In fact, there doesn’t appear to be a solid versus liquid effect at all, since cold smoothies appear to be less filling, but hot smoothies appear to be more filling. So, it can’t be the chewing that has the satiating effect. ![]() The same meal in liquid form was more filling than in solid form. Pureed, blended soup-essentially a hot, green smoothie of blended vegetables-is more satiating than the same veggies in solid form. But, as so often happens in science, just when we have everything neatly wrapped up with a bow, a paradox arises. So, there we have it: we have the proof of solid versus liquid effect and the mechanism. Those forced to chew 35 times per bite ended up eating about a third of a cup less pasta than those who only chewed 10 times per bite. Researchers had people chew either 10 or 35 times per mouthful and eat pasta until they felt comfortably full. The act of chewing itself may be an I’ve-eaten-enough signal that you don’t get just by drinking. Originally, we thought it was due to the lack of chewing. In smoothie form, it didn’t fill people up as much as eating fruit au natural. What happened? People felt significantly less full after the smoothie, although it was the same amount of food and fiber. It’s the identical meal-one in solid form and one in smoothie form. Researchers looked at what happens if you have a fruit salad with raw apples, apricots, and bananas with three cups of water to drink versus blending the fruit with two of the cups of water to make a smoothie and then just drinking the third cup of water. To test for a solid versus liquid effect, you’d have to use the exact same foods in two different forms. But, that may not be a solid versus liquid effect, as the breakfasts were comprised of completely different foods. Not so surprisingly, study subjects were less hungry after the oatmeal. Researchers gave participants breakfasts of either fruit juices and skim milk or oatmeal with blueberries and apples. Take, for example, the study comparing liquid to solid breakfasts in my video Liquid Calories: Do Smoothies Lead to Weight Gain?. That’s a problem with a lot of these kinds of studies: They use dissimilar foods. ![]() Soda and jelly beans don’t just differ by physical form they have different ingredients. What if we drink a smoothie for breakfast instead of eating a solid meal? Will our body think we skipped breakfast and make us so ravenous at lunch we’d eat more than we normally would and end up gaining weight? To answer this, we first have to determine if this solid versus liquid calorie effect is real. Their bodies didn’t seem to recognize the extra calories when they were in liquid form and, therefore, didn’t compensate by reducing their appetite for the rest of the day. No wonder they gained weight after a month of drinking soda. But, for the soda group, despite all the added calories from the cans of pop they were drinking every day, they kept eating about the same amount. So, they ate pretty much the same number of calories before and after adding the jelly beans to their diet. For the jelly bean group, their bodies registered all the extra calories from the handfuls of jelly beans and they ended up eating less of everything else throughout the day. Then, they measured how many calories participants ate over the rest of the day to see if their bodies would compensate for all that extra sugar. Researchers had people add 28 extra spoonfuls of sugar to their daily diet in the form of jelly beans or soda. A famous study in 2000 compared the impact of soda versus jelly beans.
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